DataFab Graph Operations

Version: 4.2 Last Updated: January 2026

Component Overview

The Graph Operations module provides comprehensive capabilities for entity analysis, pattern detection, and operational decision-making. It leverages the Knowledge Fabric’s graph-based entity resolution and the Studio’s workflow capabilities to deliver an integrated operational intelligence solution.

Core Capabilities:

Capability	Description	Security Relevance
Knowledge Graph Integration	Entity resolution and relationship mapping	Data integrity, access control
Rule Engine	Pattern scoring and operational decision rules	Rule versioning, audit trail
Graph Workflows	Multi-step operational process orchestration	Process authorization, escalation
External Enrichment	Data enrichment and third-party integration	Source validation, provenance
Graph Screening	Entity screening against external sources	Match verification, false positive handling
Case Management	Operational case tracking and documentation	Evidence chain, retention

Architecture Overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    GRAPH OPERATIONS ARCHITECTURE                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                         │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                    OPERATIONS INTERFACE                            │ │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────────────────┐  │ │
│  │  │  Case Queue  │  │  Dashboards  │  │  Reporting & Analytics   │  │ │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────────────────┘  │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                              │                                          │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                    OPERATIONS ENGINE                               │ │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌───────────┐  │ │
│  │  │  Rule       │  │  Graph      │  │  Screening  │  │   Case    │  │ │
│  │  │  Engine     │  │  Workflows  │  │  Service    │  │  Manager  │  │ │
│  │  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └───────────┘  │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                              │                                          │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                    KNOWLEDGE FABRIC INTEGRATION                    │ │
│  │  ┌─────────────────┐  ┌─────────────────┐  ┌────────────────────┐  │ │
│  │  │ Knowledge Graph │  │ Entity          │  │ External Source    │  │ │
│  │  │ (Entities &     │  │ Resolution      │  │ Integration        │  │ │
│  │  │  Relationships) │  │                 │  │                    │  │ │
│  │  └─────────────────┘  └─────────────────┘  └────────────────────┘  │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                              │                                          │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                    CUSTOMER SYSTEM CONNECTIONS                     │ │
│  │  Business Systems │ CRM │ Analytics │ Data Management              │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Knowledge Graph for Operations

The Knowledge Fabric’s graph database provides the foundation for operational intelligence, enabling entity resolution, relationship mapping, and pattern analysis across connected data sources.

Operational Entity Model

Entity Type	Description	Operational Relevance
Entity	Core business entities (persons, organizations)	Analysis subject, pattern detection
Relationship	Connections between entities	Network analysis, anomaly detection
Case	Investigation or analysis record	Case management, audit trail
Assessment	Calculated analytical profile	Pattern scoring, decision support
Detection	Pattern or anomaly detection result	Alert management
Document	Evidence and supporting materials	Documentation, compliance

Operational Relationship Types

Relationship	Description	Operations Use
OWNS	Ownership or control stake	Structure analysis
CONTROLS	Administrative control	Authority mapping
RELATED_TO	Personal/business relationship	Network analysis
HAS_CASE	Entity linked to operational case	Case tracking
HAS_DETECTION	Entity linked to detection result	Alert management
HAS_ASSESSMENT	Entity linked to analytical profile	Risk monitoring

Entity Resolution for Operations

The Entity Resolution Engine identifies duplicate and related records across customer systems to build a unified view of each entity.

Resolution Security Controls:

Control	Implementation
Match Decision Audit	All match decisions logged with reasoning
Human Review Queue	Uncertain matches routed for manual review
Source Attribution	Every attribute linked to source system
Confidence Scoring	Match confidence visible for review
Merge History	Complete history of entity merges preserved

Graph Queries for Operations

Query Type	Purpose	Security Control
Relationship Traversal	Identify connected entities through relationship chains	Traversal depth limits
Network Analysis	Map entity relationships and patterns	Result filtering by permission
Pattern Matching	Detect suspicious or significant relationship patterns	Query audit logging
Assessment Aggregation	Calculate network-level analysis scores	Authorized users only

Rule Engine

The Rule Engine enables administrators to define, version, and execute business rules for pattern detection, operational scoring, and decision workflows.

Rule Engine Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    RULE ENGINE ARCHITECTURE                         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                     │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────--──┐   │
│  │                    RULE DEFINITION LAYER                     │   │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐           │   │
│  │  │  Rule       │  │  Condition  │  │  Action     │           │   │
│  │  │  Builder    │  │  Editor     │  │  Designer   │           │   │
│  │  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘           │   │
│  └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-──┘   │
│                              │                                      │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-─┐   │
│  │                    RULE EXECUTION ENGINE                     │   │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐           │   │
│  │  │  Evaluation │  │  Scoring    │  │  Action     │           │   │
│  │  │  Engine     │  │  Engine     │  │  Executor   │           │   │
│  │  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘           │   │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-─┘   │
│                              │                                      │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-┐   │
│  │                    GOVERNANCE LAYER                          │   │
│  │  • Version Control   • Approval Workflow   • Audit Trail     │   │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-─┘   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Rule Types

Rule Type	Purpose	Example Use Case
Pattern Scoring	Calculate numeric pattern scores	Entity assessment
Anomaly Detection	Classify deviations from expected patterns	Unusual activity detection
Classification	Assign categories based on conditions	Entity categorization
Threshold	Trigger actions when values exceed limits	Alert generation
Routing	Direct workflow based on conditions	Escalation to analysts
Validation	Verify data meets requirements	Input data validation

Rule Definition Security

Control	Implementation
Role-Based Editing	Only authorized roles can create/modify rules
Version Control	All rule changes versioned with full history
Approval Workflow	Rule changes require approval before activation
Testing Required	Rules must pass test suite before deployment
Rollback Support	Previous versions can be restored instantly

Pattern Scoring Rules

Pattern scoring rules calculate numeric scores based on configurable factors and weights.

Scoring Components:

Component	Description	Security Control
Factor Definition	Pattern factors with categories and weights	Admin-only modification
Score Calculation	Weighted aggregation of factors	Audit trail on calculations
Threshold Mapping	Score ranges mapped to analysis levels	Configurable per policy
Override Handling	Manual score adjustments	Requires justification, logged

Pattern Factor Categories:

Category	Examples	Typical Weight Range
Entity Type	Organization type, sector	0-30 points
Geography	Country, jurisdiction	0-25 points
Relationship	Connection depth, multiplicity	0-20 points
Activity	Transaction patterns, velocity	0-20 points
History	Past alerts, issues	0-15 points
Behavioral	Deviation from baseline	0-20 points

Assessment Level Mapping:

Assessment Level	Score Range	Review Frequency	Expected Actions
Low	0-25	36 months	Routine monitoring
Medium	26-50	24 months	Standard review
High	51-75	12 months	Enhanced analysis
Critical	76-100	6 months	Immediate review

Rule Versioning

Control	Description
Immutable Versions	Published versions cannot be modified
Version History	Complete history of all changes preserved
Change Attribution	Every change linked to user and timestamp
Comparison View	Side-by-side comparison of versions
Audit Export	Version history exportable for compliance

Rule Execution Security

Control	Implementation
Execution Isolation	Rules execute in sandboxed environment
Input Validation	All inputs validated against schema
Output Verification	Results validated before action execution
Timeout Enforcement	Maximum execution time enforced
Resource Limits	Memory and CPU limits on rule execution

Rule Audit Trail

Event	Logged Data	Retention
Rule Created	Rule definition, creator, timestamp	2 years
Rule Modified	Changes, modifier, justification	2 years
Rule Activated	Version, approver, effective date	2 years
Rule Executed	Input hash, score, actions triggered	1 year
Rule Overridden	Override value, justification, approver	2 years

Graph Workflows

The Graph Workflow system orchestrates multi-step operational processes with human tasks, automated actions, and control mechanisms.

Graph Workflow Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    GRAPH WORKFLOW ARCHITECTURE                      │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                     │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-─────┐   │
│  │                    PROCESS DEFINITION                        │   │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐           │   │
│  │  │  Process    │  │  Task       │  │  Gateway    │           │   │
│  │  │  Designer   │  │  Library    │  │  Config     │           │   │
│  │  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘           │   │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-─┘   │
│                              │                                      │
│  ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-──┐   │
│  │                    EXECUTION ENGINE                          │   │
│  │  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐  ┌─────────────┐           │   │
│  │  │  Process    │  │  Task       │  │  Event      │           │   │
│  │  │  Runtime    │  │  Manager    │  │  Handler    │           │   │
│  │  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘  └─────────────┘           │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-───┘   │
│                              │                                      │
│  ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-──┐   │
│  │                    INTEGRATION LAYER                         │   │
│  │  • Knowledge Graph   • Rule Engine   • Notification Service  │   │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────-─┘   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Operational Process Types

Process Type	Purpose	Trigger
Entity Onboarding	Initial entity analysis workflow	Entity creation
Periodic Assessment	Scheduled re-analysis	Timer, score change
Alert Investigation	Event-driven analysis	Detection, manual referral
Pattern Analysis	Deep pattern investigation	High-risk detection
Escalation	Management review process	Risk threshold, policy

Pattern-Based Workflow Triggering

The Rule Engine integrates with Graph Workflows to automatically trigger appropriate workflows based on pattern detection.

Workflow Trigger Flow:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    PATTERN-BASED WORKFLOW TRIGGERING                │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                     │
│  Entity Event ──▶ [Pattern Detection] ──▶ [Rule Evaluation]         │
│       │                  │                      │                   │
│       ▼                  ▼                      ▼                   │
│  (New entity,        (Score calculated)     (Rules matched)        │
│   data change,                                  │                   │
│   alert)                                        ▼                   │
│                                     [Workflow Selection]            │
│                                           │                         │
│              ┌────────────────────────────┼────────────────┐        │
│              ▼                            ▼                ▼        │
│         [Low Risk]                  [Medium Risk]    [High Risk]    │
│              │                            │                │        │
│              ▼                            ▼                ▼        │
│       Standard Review                Extended Review   Critical    │
│        Workflow                       Workflow        Review        │
│              │                            │            Workflow    │
│              └────────────────────────────┼────────────────┘        │
│                                           ▼                         │
│                                    [Task Assignment]                │
│                                           │                         │
│                                           ▼                         │
│                                    [Process Execution]              │
│                                           │                         │
│                                           ▼                         │
│                                     [Audit Trail]                   │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Workflow Task Types

Task Type	Description	Security Control
User Task	Human action required	Role-based assignment
Service Task	Automated system action	Permission validation
Script Task	Custom logic execution	Sandboxed execution
Send Task	External communication	Message logging
Receive Task	Wait for external event	Event validation

Workflow Security Controls

Control	Implementation
Process Authorization	Only authorized users can start processes
Task Assignment	Tasks assigned based on role and workload
Escalation Rules	Automatic escalation on SLA breach
Delegation Controls	Delegation requires approval, logged
Completion Verification	Task completion validated before proceeding

Workflow Definition Security

Control	Description
Version Control	Process definitions versioned
Change Approval	Process changes require multi-party approval
Testing Required	Processes must pass simulation before deployment
Rollback Support	Previous versions can be restored
Access Restrictions	Process definition access role-based

Task Assignment Security

Control	Implementation
Role-Based Assignment	Tasks assigned to roles, not individuals
Workload Balancing	Even distribution across team members
Conflict Avoidance	Prevent assignment to conflicted parties
Audit Trail	All assignments and reassignments logged
SLA Monitoring	Task completion tracked against SLA

Escalation Controls

Trigger	Action	Security Control
SLA Breach	Escalate to supervisor	Automatic, logged
Risk Threshold	Escalate to management	Rule-based, audited
Manual Request	Escalate per request	Requires justification
Timeout	Reassign or escalate	Configurable per task

Process Instance Security

Control	Description
Instance Isolation	Each process instance isolated
Data Encryption	Process data encrypted at rest
Access Control	Instance access based on role and assignment
State Protection	State transitions validated and logged
Cancellation Control	Cancellation requires authorization

External Source Integration

The Graph Operations module integrates with external data sources for entity verification and enrichment.

External Source Categories

Category	Examples	Data Types
Corporate Registries	Corporate filings, registration records	Incorporation, officers, filings
Relationship Data	Business databases, industry databases	Connections, associations
Public Records	News, legal records	Public information, history
Regulatory Data	Regulatory databases	Compliance records
Industry Data	Industry-specific data	Sector information

Source Integration Security

Control	Implementation
Source Validation	Only approved sources in registry
Credential Isolation	Per-source credential management
Rate Limiting	Respect source API limits
Data Minimization	Retrieve only required fields
Caching Policy	Time-limited caching per source
Provenance Tracking	Full lineage from source to graph

Enrichment Workflow

Stage	Description	Security Control
Request	Entity submitted for enrichment	Authorization check
Matching	Entity matched against external source	Matching rules applied
Retrieval	Data fetched from external source	Encrypted transport
Fusion	External data merged with existing	Conflict resolution rules
Validation	Enriched data validated	Schema validation
Storage	Enriched entity persisted	Access control inherited
Audit	Enrichment event logged	Full audit trail

Graph Screening Service

The Graph Screening Service performs entity screening against external sources.

Screening Types

Screening Type	Sources	Frequency
Database Screening	Business databases, registries	Real-time, periodic batch
Regulatory Screening	Regulatory databases	On-demand, periodic
Public Records Screening	News and public records	Continuous monitoring

Screening Security Controls

Control	Implementation
Match Verification	Potential matches require human review
False Positive Management	Documented false positive decisions
Alert Escalation	True matches escalated per policy
Screening Audit	All screening activity logged
Source Update Tracking	Source list versions tracked

Case Management

Operational cases track analyses, investigations, and decision records.

Case Types

Case Type	Purpose	Lifecycle
Initial Analysis	Entity onboarding analysis	Open → Review → Concluded
Deep Investigation	Detailed pattern investigation	Triggered → Analyze → Escalate/Close
Pattern Review	Systematic pattern assessment	Open → Review → Documented
Management Review	Senior review and approval	Prepared → Review → Approved/Rejected

Case Security Controls

Control	Implementation
Access Control	Case access based on role and assignment
Evidence Chain	All documents and notes timestamped
Decision Audit	All decisions logged with justification
Retention Policy	Cases retained per operational requirement
Export Controls	Case export requires authorization

User Roles and Permissions

Operations-Specific Roles

Role	Description	Permissions
Analyst	Day-to-day operational analysis work	Case work, screening review, standard analysis
Senior Analyst	Senior operations staff	Case approval, pattern override, team management
Operations Manager	Operations leadership	Escalation approval, full case access
Data Coordinator	Intake and coordination	Create cases, basic screening, escalate
Auditor	Internal/external auditor	View all cases, run reports, no edit

Permission Matrix

Action	Analyst	Senior	Manager	Coordinator	Auditor
Create Case	✓	✓	✓	✓	✗
Review Case	✓	✓	✓	✗	✓
Approve Case	✗	✓	✓	✗	✗
Override Assessment	✗	✓	✓	✗	✗
Escalate Case	✗	✓	✓	✗	✗
Modify Rules	✗	✓	✓	✗	✗
View Reports	✓	✓	✓	✗	✓

Audit Logging

Operations-Specific Events

Event Category	Logged Data	Retention
Case Created	Case ID, entity, creator, type	3 years
Case Decision	Case ID, decision, approver, justification	3 years
Pattern Detection	Entity, score, factors, detector	3 years
Screening Performed	Entity, sources, matches, reviewer	3 years
Rule Executed	Rule ID, inputs, score, actions	1 year
Process Executed	Process ID, tasks, outcomes	1 year
Escalation	Case ID, escalation reason, recipient	3 years

Operational Retention

Category	Retention Period	Data Types
Active Case Data	Duration + 1 year	Analysis records, decisions
Closed Cases	3 years minimum	Complete case files
Audit Records	3 years	All system activity
Rule Changes	Indefinite	Rule versions and history

Reporting and Analytics

Operations Dashboards

Dashboard	Purpose	Access
Case Queue	Active cases and assignments	All operations roles
Pattern Overview	Entity pattern distribution	Manager
SLA Monitoring	Task completion against targets	Manager
Screening Alerts	Pending screening matches	Analyst, Manager
Operations Dashboard	Management information metrics	Manager

Report Security

Control	Implementation
Role-Based Access	Reports filtered by user permissions
Data Aggregation	Individual data protected in summaries
Export Logging	All report exports logged
Scheduled Reports	Automated reports require authorization